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General Information
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Common Name: American Guinea Pig
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Scientific Name: Cavia porcellus (domesticated guinea pig species)
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Breed Group: Smooth-coated breeds
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Origin: South America (ancient domestication by the Inca ~5,000–7,000 years ago); breed standardized in North America
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Popularity: Most common guinea pig breed kept as a pet worldwide
🔹 Physical Description
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Size: 20–25 cm (8–10 in)
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Weight: 700–1,200 g (1.5–2.6 lbs)
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Build: Sturdy, compact body with a broad head and short muzzle
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Coat:
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Short, smooth, and straight fur (easy to maintain)
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Can come in almost any color or pattern, including solid, bicolor, tricolor, roan, and agouti
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Lifespan: 5–7 years (sometimes up to 8 with excellent care)
🔹 Behavior & Lifestyle
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Activity: Crepuscular (most active at dawn and dusk)
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Personality: Friendly, gentle, vocal, and social—ideal for families and children
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Social Needs: Thrive in pairs or small groups (keeping them alone can lead to stress and loneliness)
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Communication: Wide range of sounds—“wheeks” (excited squeals), “purrs” (contentment), “chutters” (exploration), and “rumbles” (dominance or mating behavior)
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Grooming Needs: Very low compared to long-haired breeds; occasional brushing is enough
🔹 Diet
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Type: Strict herbivores
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Staple Diet:
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Unlimited high-quality hay (timothy, orchard grass)
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Fresh vegetables daily (leafy greens, bell pepper, carrot, cucumber, etc.)
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Guinea pig pellets fortified with Vitamin C (essential, since guinea pigs cannot produce their own)
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Supplements: Vitamin C-rich foods like bell peppers, kale, parsley, and small amounts of fruit (orange, kiwi, strawberry)
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Avoid: Iceberg lettuce, potatoes, onions, chocolate, and processed foods
🔹 Reproduction
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Maturity: 2–3 months old
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Gestation Period: 59–72 days (long for rodents)
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Litter Size: 2–4 pups (can be up to 6)
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Young: Born fully furred, eyes open, and able to eat solid food within days (precocial)
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