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General Information
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Common Name: American Guinea Pig
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Scientific Name: Cavia porcellus
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Breed Group: Smooth-coated breeds
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Origin: Descended from wild cavies of South America (domesticated ~5,000–7,000 years ago by the Inca); breed standardized in North America and Europe
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Recognition: Oldest recognized breed by guinea pig associations (ACBA, ARBA, etc.)
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Popularity: The most common guinea pig breed kept as a pet
🔹 Physical Description
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Size: 20–25 cm (8–10 in)
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Weight: 700–1,200 g (1.5–2.6 lbs)
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Build: Compact, sturdy body with a smooth profile
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Coat:
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Short, sleek, and straight
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Very easy to maintain compared to long-haired breeds
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Comes in a wide range of colors and patterns (solid, bicolor, tricolor, agouti, brindle, roan, dalmatian, etc.)
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Lifespan: 5–7 years (some live up to 8+)
🔹 Behavior & Lifestyle
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Personality: Friendly, calm, and gentle—ideal for families and first-time guinea pig owners
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Temperament: Easy to handle, less energetic than Abyssinians, more laid-back than long-haired breeds
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Social Needs: Very social—happiest when kept in pairs or groups (never should be housed alone)
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Communication: Known for being vocal—“wheeks” for food, “purrs” when content, “rumbles” during dominance or mating displays
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Grooming Needs: Very low—occasional brushing to remove loose fur
🔹 Diet
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Type: Strict herbivores
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Staple Diet:
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Unlimited hay (timothy or orchard grass)
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Daily fresh vegetables (leafy greens, bell peppers, cucumber, carrot, etc.)
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Guinea pig pellets fortified with Vitamin C
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Vitamin C Needs: Essential (20–30 mg/day) to prevent scurvy
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Treats: Small amounts of fruit (apple, orange, strawberry, kiwi)
🔹 Reproduction
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Maturity: 2–3 months old
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Gestation Period: 59–72 days
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Litter Size: 2–4 pups (sometimes up to 6)
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Young: Born precocial—fully furred, eyes open, able to eat solid food within hours
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